Showing posts with label Unit 11: Film Studies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Unit 11: Film Studies. Show all posts

Friday, 2 March 2018

Mulvey's Male Gaze Analysis

The Male Gaze Theory is constructed around Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema which is an essay written by Laura MulveyThis is an essay which continuously spoke upon the term “Male Gaze” which soon went on to become a very well know and discussed theory. In film, the male gaze occurs when the audience is put into the perspective of a heterosexual man; this often means that a woman will be objectified through the use of angles within the camera, showing off the curves of a women's body, putting the viewer in the eyes of a male. These curves and angles are often complimented with specific conventions of film such as slow motion, deliberate camera movements and cut aways.

This video portrays The Male Gaze Theory demonstrated in Movies and TV Shows:


Many films demonstrate Mulvey's Male Gaze Theory due to it capturing the attention of most males, which is often through the objectifying of a woman through the use of angles within the camera, showing off the curves of a women's body; these curves and angles are often complimented with specific conventions of film such as slow motion, deliberate camera movements and cut aways.

In teen movies Mulvey's theory is displayed in either groups of girls or a single girl being objectified for the pleasure of males. In the video above it display's various teen movies that portray Male Gaze, this is through the use of minimal clothing, corsets, angles of the body in order to capture the eye of the male species.

Example of a film that portrays Mulvey's Theory:
  • Mean Girls: This scene from Mean Girls demonstrates the specific traits of Mulvey's Male Gaze Theory.

This specific scene from Mean Girls demonstrates the specific traits of Mulvey's Male Gaze Theory perfectly due to it portraying various angles of the body, focusing upon the female assets a male audience will find pleasure within, these assets are often shown in slow motion to make it more pleasurable for the male eyes. The camera also acts as if it is the eyes of the audience as it always follows the flattering curves in these ladies bodies. Mulvey's Gaze Theory focus' upon the objectifying of a woman and woman in film are shown in a seductive way for the pleasure of men. The girls also use their arms to push their boobs together to further emphasise them and create a line in between them which makes their boobs to appear bigger.

These are displayed through provocative dance moves within this specific clip of Mean Girls, each girl bends over revealing their cleavage which is pushed up to their chests emphasising their assets further. The girls also stick out their bums while the camera follows behind as if someone is standing behind them or they are preforming the act for the male audience, the camera follows them using a 'Medium Long Shot', this shot was used in order to focus on all 4 girls. A certain dance move that displays the most provocation is when the girls squat down with the legs open, showing the audience their pants. Applying Mulvey's Theory to this would suggest that the girls are inviting the males eyes and hinting upon sexual acts, making the four girls seem like objects to men.

The colour 'Red' is often linked to negative moods such as anger, danger and violence but in this clip the colour 'Red' is worn due to the holiday Christmas, however it the colour 'Red' could be linked to passion, desire and excitement all words that would describe the emotions that the male audience would feel during the duration of the provocative dancing conducting by the four girls.

The minimal provocative clothing, is suggestive that it is there for the viewers eyes, specifically for the eyes of heterosexual males. The slutty clothing is also complimented with provocative dancing displayed by the group of girls, every dance move shows off a different angle of their bodies. All four girls are emphasising their assets by pushing their bums out and sticking their chests out, to emphasise what they already have; this is in order to direct the males eyes where they want them to be.

Specific Shots:
  • Medium Long Shot: A Medium Long Shot also known as a {Three-Quarters Shot}. This shot frames the whole subject from the knees up, an intermediate shot between the long shot and the medium shot. This shot shows the subject in relation to the surroundings, and may be used when you have 2 or 3 persons in the frame.  

Tuesday, 27 February 2018

Freudian Analysis

The idego, and super-ego are names for the three parts of the human personality, these terms are part of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory. According to Freud, these three parts combine to create the complex behaviour of human beings, these terms have different meanings and control different things within the human behaviour.

This video portrays Id, Ego and SuperEgo demonstrated in Movies and TV Shows:

Example of a film that portrays Freud's Theory:
  • Fight Club: This film explores the 3 components of the complex behaviour of human beings according to Freud's theory.

EGO: Jack {The Narrator} has a weak ego, which could be due to his fatherless upbringing and not having a male role model within his life. Jack is split within two personalities himself who is unable to create and sustain adult relationships due to his immaturity and Tyler's who is a fantasy of Jack's mind. 

ID: Tyler fantasy of Jack's mind, who forms the ID. Tyler is the mature aspect of Jack's mind, he is confident and one with the ladies. Tyler sleeps with Marla, the lady who caught Jack's eyes within the support groups, this act caused friction between the two. This friction resulted in Jack killing Tyler to become his true self.

SUPER-EGO: Marla Singer is the lady that Jack meets at the support groups, who he slowly falls in love with. She is a strong-willed woman who can come across as being a complete nutcase, her character helps to support Jack's to evolve him into the mature gentleman he should be. Marla continuously calls Jack to see how he is but due to him being unable to sustain adult relationships, he doesn't always answer.

Fight Club Scene - Letting Yourself Become Tyler Durden

In this specific scene of Fight Club, it portrays all of three characters of the mains characters that are associated with Freudian's Theory of the 3 components of the complex behaviour; The Id, The Ego and The Super-Ego. This scene starts of with a shots that Parallel Editing, these shots are used to keep the continuity of the conversation which is displayed between Jack and Marla Singer, Jack persistently asks Marla what his name is and upon her reply he is shocked that she thinks he is Tyler Durden. This shocks Jack due to him being unaware that Tyler is a fantasy of his mind, who forms the ID; Tyler is the mature aspect of Jack's mind, he is confident and one with the ladies. In this scene Tyler is revealed in a Two Shot, the smoothly changes to a shot reverse shot during the exchanging conversation between the two.

This clip is a 2 minute discussion between Jack and his ID Tyler, in which reveals that Tyler Durden is just a fantasy of Jack's mind, he finally realises that they are on person instead of two, this is revealed in a montage of flash backs. All they ways Jack wishes he could be is who forms Tyler; Jack {The Narrator} has a weak ego, which is  split within two personalities: himself who is unable to create and sustain adult relationships due to his immaturity and Tyler's who is a fantasy of Jack's mind. This whole scene is portrayed in various Shot Reverse Shot; film technique where one character is shown looking at another character which is often off-screen, then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. In Lacanian terms this would suggest there is a 'lack' in one of the characters, possibly showing the difference between aspects of their personality, this relates perfectly to this movie due to Jack showing a lack in creating and sustaining adult relationships due to his immaturity this is where Tyler is involved as he is just a fantasy of Jack's mind. 

Specific Shots:
  • Two Shot: A shot of two people together. {If we apply a Two Shot in Lacan's perspective, the two shot would suggest the characters are 'mirrors' of each other, but each character possessing something that the other is without, which is once again referring to a 'lack' within the character}. 
  • Shot Reverse Shot: A film technique where one character is shown looking at another character which is often off-screen, then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. {In Lacanian terms this would suggest there is a 'lack' in one of the characters - possibly showing the difference between aspects of their personality}.
  • Parallel Editing: Parallel editing {Cross Cutting} is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. {This cinematic technique could also be used indicate that the characters are polar opposites: each possessing aspects that would make the other complete}.

Tuesday, 5 December 2017

Mulvey Male Gaze Theory

The Male Gaze Theory is constructed around Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema which is an essay written by Laura MulveyThis is an essay which continuously spoke upon the term “Male Gaze” which soon went on to become a very well know and discussed theory. In film, the male gaze occurs when the audience is put into the perspective of a heterosexual man; this often means that a woman will be objectified through the use of angles within the camera, showing off the curves of a women's body, putting the viewer in the eyes of a male. These curves and angles are often complimented with specific conventions of film such as slow motion, deliberate camera movements and cut aways.

What is the Male Gaze Theory?
  • The woman is passive to the active gaze from the man. This adds an element of "patriarchal" order, and it is often seen in "illusionistic narrative film". Mulvey argues that, in mainstream cinema, the male gaze typically takes precedence over the female gaze, reflecting an underlying power asymmetry.
{website reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_gaze}

Who came up with the term Male Gaze?

Laura Mulvey
  • Theory. The supporting factors that make up this theory had been around for quite a while; however, the actual phrase 'the male gaze', was coined by Laura Mulvey in her 1975 essay on cinematography titled 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema'.
{website reference: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-male-gaze-definition-theory.html}

Monday, 4 December 2017

Lacan's Theory {FILM PLAN}


Basic Outline: Based around the idea that we are constantly trying to reach a particular thing {goal or material object} - there is always something missing in our lives and so we are never fully fulfilled. A girl who finds a door and desperately wants to know what's inside but every time she opens it and goes through, she ends up stood outside of the closed door again. She can't peak through or cheat the door to see what's it's hiding and so she becomes incredibly dissatisfied with life as she feels she is missing something. Missing the knowledge of what is on the other side. Shots of her going into the room and then edit it to show her coming out of another door opposite and so therefore just stood outside the same closed door. This can be significant of how she feels that there is a door that may have be hiding great opportunities but it is closed off to her for some reason and she longs to open it but can't find the tools to do so. After a long struggle with the door and its trickery she finally gets it open {maybe she comes back after a certain amount of time or maybe the door just opens when she's done struggling or something} and she walks inside to find a box to which she instantly wants to open however the key for it is nowhere to be found and so she is stuck in the same position. She has gained something in her life by knowing what was inside the room however there is still knowledge that she yearns for but is closed off to her. -there is always a lack of something in everyone's lives no matter how much or how little they have or regardless of their age/status/gender.

Genre: Lacan's Theory



Equipment:
  • Nikon DSLR
  • Spare Battery 
  • 18-55mm lens 
  • Box
  • Phone Light
  • Two different rooms with opposite doors
Location: College {two doors that are opposite to each other}

REFLECTION:
  • I personally think this video created for Lacan's Theory emphasises the idea that we are constantly trying to reach a particular thing being a goal or material object; there is always something missing in our lives and so we are never fully fulfilled. This video shows a girl who finds a door and desperately wants to know what's inside but every time she opens it and goes through, she ends up stood outside of the closed door again this is to show the theory of Lacan. I think if we had took into consideration using a tripod when we first started then our footage would be more consistent instead of it looking quite mismatched, however through our sharp cuts we managed to pair them together to create smooth footage in our outcome.

Freud's Theory of Id, Ego and Super- Ego {FILM PLAN}

Basic Outline: My initial idea to portray Freud's Theory regarding the Id, Ego and Super- Ego, is to have a clear distinction of which part is being played through the use of clothing. I would like to use the same subject but different outfits to portray the Id, Ego and Super-Ego; this is in order to show that everyone has an Ego that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-egoTo portray the Super-Ego through the use of clothing; I want my subject to be wearing White Clothing in order to emphasise the Super-Ego, as the Super-Ego acts as a self-critical conscience, that helps the human behaviour reflect on social standards learned from parents, teachers and their environment. Where as the Id will be portray through the use of dark clothing to highlight what the Id is, through the use of clothing as the Id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. The Ego will be portrayed as a normal teenager as the Ego is the realistic part of the human mind; this is the part that of the humans mind that is organised and mediates between the desires of the Id and the Super-Ego

My main focus within this film is the sound, I plan to manipulate the sound in post production and have the Id and Super-Ego voices to come out of different side of the headphone when wearing them, for example Super-Ego coming out of the right headphone and the Id coming out of the left headphone. This is in order to emphasise what its like as the Ego to be stuck in the middle of two voices telling you right and wrong. 

Genre: Freud's Theory of Id, Ego and Super- Ego


Equipment:
  • Cannon or Nikon DSLR
  • Spare Battery 
  • 18-55mm lens 
  • Spot Light and White Clothing {to emphasise the Super-Ego, as the Super-Ego acts as a self-critical conscience, that helps the human behaviour reflect on social standards learned from parents, teachers and their environment}
  • Dark Clothing {to highlight what the Id is, through the use of clothing as the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation}
  • Normal Clothing {to show that the Ego is the human part of the mind that mediates between the desires of the Id and the Super-Ego}

Lacan's Theory

Lacan's Theory is based around 'The order of the Real', 'The order of the Imaginary', 'The order of the Symbolic' and 'The Symptom'. These four orders intertwine 'The Real', 'The Imaginary' and 'The Symbolic' are the three outside orders that overlap to create 'The System' in the middle. 

Lacanianism is the study of, and development of, the ideas and theories of the dissident French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Beginning as a commentary on the writings of Freud, Lacanianism developed into a new psychoanalytic theory of humankind, and spawned a worldwide movement of its own.

Development of Lacan's Theory:
Early Lacan:

  • Lacan's early psychoanalytic contributions centered on the questions of image, identification and unconscious fantasy. Developing Henri Wallon's concept of infant mirroring, he used the idea of the mirror stage to demonstrate the imaginary nature of the ego, in opposition to the views of ego psychology.
Structuralist Lacan:
  • In the fifties, the focus of Lacan's interest shifted to the symbolic order of kinship, culture, social structure and roles all mediated by the acquisition of language into which each one of us is born and with which we all have to come to terms. The focus of therapy became that of dealing with disruptions on the part of the Imaginary of the structuring role played by the signifier/Other/Symbolic Order.

The Real: Poststructuralism

  • The sixties saw Lacan's attention increasingly focused on what he termed the Real not external consensual reality, but rather that unconscious element in the personality, linked to trauma, dream and the drive, which resists signification. The Real was what was lacking or absent from every totalising structural theory; and in the form of jouissance, and the persistence of the symptom or synthome, marked Lacan's shifting of psychoanalysis from modernity to postmodernity.
{website reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism#Development_of_Lacan's_thought}

Tuesday, 28 November 2017

Freud's Theory of Id, Ego and Super- Ego

The idego, and super-ego are names for the three parts of the human personality, these terms are part of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory. According to Freud, these three parts combine to create the complex behaviour of human beings, these terms have different meanings and control different things within the human behaviour.

ID: The id is an important part of our personality, it allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle, because it is known that the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. The id operates based on the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification of needs.

EGO: The ego is normally referred to a person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance. However, in Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory, the ego is the realistic part; the part that is organised and mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego.

SUPER-EGO: The Super-Ego is the part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, that helps the human behaviour reflect on social standards learned from parents, teachers and their environment.